Call traces

As of 0.4.26, Ponder supports call trace indexing. Call traces are similar to logs, but they represent a function call instead of an event log.

Register an indexing function

Call trace indexing is disabled by default. To enable it for a contract, set the includeCallTraces option to true.

After enabling this option, each function in the contract ABI will become available as an indexing function event name using the "ContractName.functionName()" scheme.

import { createConfig } from "@ponder/core";
import { BlitmapAbi } from "./abis/Blitmap";
 
export default createConfig({
  contracts: {
    Blitmap: {
      abi: BlitmapAbi,
      network: "mainnet",
      address: "0x8d04a8c79cEB0889Bdd12acdF3Fa9D207eD3Ff63",
      startBlock: 12439123,
      includeCallTraces: true,
    },
  },
  // ...
});

import { ponder } from "@/generated";
 
ponder.on("Blitmap.mintOriginal()", async ({ event }) => {
  event.args;
  //    ^? [tokenData: Hex, name: string]
  event.trace.gasUsed;
  //          ^? bigint
});

What is a call trace?

Let's define call traces from three different perspectives:

• Ponder: A call trace is similar to a log, but it represents a function call instead of an event log. You can register an indexing function that will run whenever a specific function on one of your contracts gets called.
• Solidity: A call trace records a function call. For example, whenever someone calls the transfer(address to, uint256 amount) function of an ERC20 token contract, it produces a call trace.
• EVM: A call trace records the execution of the CALL, STATICCALL, DELEGATECALL, or CALLCODE opcode within a transaction.

Top-level vs. internal calls

A call trace can be a top-level call or an internal call. A top-level call is from an externally-owned account, and an internal call is from another contract.

To determine if a specific call trace is a top-level call, use event.trace.traceAddress.length === 0. Top-level calls also always have event.trace.to === event.transaction.to, but this can also be true for internal calls.

ponder.on("ERC20.transfer()", async ({ event }) => {
  const isTopLevelCall = event.trace.traceAddress.length === 0;
  // ...
});

eth_call and view functions

The eth_call RPC method does not produce a call trace. These calls do not occur during the execution of a transaction, so they are not recorded as call traces.

However, calls made to view or pure functions do produce call traces if they are made during the execution of a transaction. These call traces are rarely useful for indexing, but they do happen.

RPC methods

The sync engine fetches call traces using the trace_filter and trace_block RPC methods, and uses eth_getTransactionReceipt to confirm that a specific call trace did not occur within a reverted transaction.